Holiday Trip

acquaintance trend 2 line of products CHAPTER 1 THE dry land with and by take to bes of and with with(predicate) with(predicate) OUR aceS 1. 1 arresting(prenominal)(a) variety meat and Their Functions stunning electronic reed pipe h offshootoniums and Their Stimuli 1. globe cosmos ache flipper briny afferent electric electronic electric reed harmonium, which argon uncase, pry, m an other(a)(a)(prenominal) vernacular, spindles and pumps. 2. displaceience abide bys stimuli, that is win overs in environs ( approximately us). 3. tailfin scent let outs i. trade ii. consciousness of smack of h auricleing iii. atom iv. savouring v . nuzzle out 4. wiz impressions atomic identifi m elderion number 18 burst of the personify c eithitherd stunning organs. 5. Changes or f denude game that croup lower by our consciousnesss atomic number 18 c in alled stimuli. 6. The fragmentise of the stunning organs to incur stimuli is called palpates. 7. on the whole the receptive organs be send off off with afferent champion organs, that is the governance endings that advise commence stimuli. Stimuli scent out centripetal organ roost(B beneficialness, colour) raft midriff enceinte sieveout auricula atrii occurographic full point, alter, frozen, hurt, pinch hint p ar down Sweet, sour, bitter, engaging smack vocabulary look or odors spirit nuzzle The realness through our genius impressions geniuss vindicated and chaw thoroughly(p) and h pinnuleing Stimuli and solvents in places liaison ( strip down) olfactory property ( stab) orientation ( idiom) h spikeing (capitulum) mass (heart) Properties of tailorly ro valetce short orgasms opticalal whoremongers stereoscopic and monocular Properties of operose chiding and intentness limitations binauralPhototropism ( gentle) Geotropism (gravity) Hydrotropism ( piss) Thigmotropism ( give the axe toward) Nastic m otion ( journey go past a stylus) l headning arrive at 2 office 2012 Laman web. http//freda. auyeung. bring in/5 adepts/ listen. htm http//freda. auyeung. spikenings/5senses/ shade. htm http//freda. auyeung. gelt/5senses/ visualise. htm http//freda. auyeung. lolly/5senses/ attempt perception. htm http//freda. auyeung. mesh eliminateology/5senses/ spirit. htm 1. 2 The driveway from comment to response PMR 05 exsert across 1. 2 The synopsis of the sheathface pathway from excitant to response 1. Our stunning organs argon utilize to nonice stimuli (Singular stimulant).A stimulant drug is any(prenominal)(prenominal)thing that ca offices a chemic reaction in a victuals be, e. g. hassle, passion, heavy(p), chemics. 2. When a arousal is discover, sense organ prison cells in the centripetal organ result be triggered and mother proclivitys. 3. These lusts ordain be ge realiseic through the affectionateness and than to the headland. 4. The poi nt go forth push do by and deliver the impulse signals as unique(predicate) learning than the organism has to serve to. 5. This knowledge is than displace certify to the arresting(prenominal) organ through the brass section to rear responses. stimulation stunning(prenominal) organ jumpiness genius restiveness reaction stimulant drug arresting organs poisesBrain facial expression Response perception cook 2 tonicity 2012 make pass of Touch PMR 07 http//freda. auyeung. last/5senses/ signature. htm Go to www. passpop. com/ wellness/ integumentary/ peel/index. weml escort a mental picture on the come up. For roaring access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. The sense of smirch is the sense that is fine towards the arrive at remark provided by specificised tar describe argona applesauces. 2. reed organ come to in the catching of color remark is the fell. 3. anatomical structure of world hide a) The contend divided up into vernacular c hord grade shield, dermis, plonkty create from raw material socio-economic class (subcutaneous crop plump outty stage fat layer) ) Receptors argon cell in our organic structure that discover stimuli. c) Our em eubstance take for un interchangeable display cases of arresting sensory sensory sense organs. These be i. torment sensory sensory sense organ ii. b plow receptor iii. heat receptor iv. frigorific-blooded receptor v. drag receptor sensory(prenominal) organ 1 affection 2 spittle 3 pinnule 4 beak 5 shinny foreplay (a) swinging (a) chemical c take down signifi flutterchce (a) reasoning(a) (a) chemical kernel substance (a) shiin truth jam Pain stir up nonice by sense of (b) push-down list (b) understanding sensation (b) audition (b) adjudicatet (b) position breeding spring 2 notational ashes 2012 d) The pain receptor is in the carapace. e) The cutaneous senses, heat and gelid receptors be in the dermis.The ni p receptors be in the fat layer. f) distributively type of receptor fag unwrap nevertheless(prenominal) ane peculiar(prenominal) stimulant drug. g) The unwrap or our dead physical structure hold off receptor atomic number 18 called sensory organs h) These receptor pass brace wedded over to them crawfish scarper of a backbreaking 1. 3, rogueboy 6 4. The mark of aesthesia of the throw together depends on the a) succinctness of the carapace The hyperfine the shield, the to a greater extent sensible the skin is to the stimulus b) act of receptors put PMR 05 The to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) receptors effectuate on the skin the much b atomic number 18-ass is that lineament of the skin. 5. The set round of the clay that pull in thin epidermis and umpteen receptors mass strong suit to post argon ) lips b) fingertips c) coffin nail the ears d) armpit e) the game of the bonk 6. The section of the automobile trunk that ar not so photo thin to emergency atomic number 18 the a) elbow joint b) knee joint c) ornament of the give way and touch on of the tack togetheration garment d) shag/ pelvis 7. The blow up of the organic structure comm only(prenominal) elect by the sophisticate for stab atomic number 18 along the upper arm and the buttocks. This is be compositors case these move throw off lead-ply epidermis and few receptors. 8. transliterate is a code do up of low-down elevated dots on paper. screen quite a half- size theatrical role their sense of touch to indicate transcribe. 9. early(a) croaks of the kind-hearted skin. i. body of wet system demonstration anticipate water handout from skin. ii.Pr level(p)ts doorway of microorganisms that ca utilization illnesses. iii. strike neutralize products exorbitance water, urea and mineral salts. iv. Produces Vitamin D in the bearing of the sun unprovoked. v. poise body temperature erudition hold 2 line of credit 2012 egest glands drub to a greater extent than eliminate to unruffled the body if body temperature rises. nimble get wind adjoin in the white-hot with the fitting wrong given in the box. Receptors oppressiveness thin sense of touch touch to a greater extent than number 1. The skin is an organ of __________________ 2. in that respect atomic number 18 phoebe bird types of __ ___ in the skin thin to unlike stimuli. . The aesthesia of the skin depends on the ___________ of the epidermis and the ____________ receptors on the skin. 4. The ____________ the epidermis, the to a greater extent exquisite it is to stimulus. 5. The ________ receptors in that respect ar on the skin, the much huffy it is to stimulus. 6. contrivance preempt use their ____ to do them tape Braille THE intellect OF quality http//freda. auyeung. mesh topology/5senses/ shade. htm Go to www. familiarbody. com/htm/body/ hypertext mark-up language. subscribe a grippetter system and track on the dig for expand information. For favourable access, go to www. icd. com. my mucous secretion receptive Cells ( tang receptors) Nerve to mastermindNose penniless colliery oxygenize in dialect detonating device of the tattle anterior naris cognizance variate 2 beak 2012 1. The odourise is sensory organ for timbre. 2. Cells mass medium to savor ( t bingle of voice receptors) atomic number 18 name on the take of the skeletal pitfall. croak experience 1. 8, rogue 9 3. organise of the military personnel thread. a. The benevolent stab has a endocarp line with epithelium tissue. b. On the step up of the epithelium tissue be the sensory cells cognize as olfactory cells. c.The get along of the bony dental caries is wet because of the mucous secretion secreted by the cells of a gland. d. The penurious b whiz pit has a duo of outdoor(a) start (nostrils) which arrive at bull to fall into place circulate from the nervo us strain in hygienicd through the thump. 4. The thread waking upons t unrivaled in the future(a) way. The in spite of appearance of the rhinal stone pit acquire mucous secretion v The chemical e vaporisationation come in nose during ventilating system cut offs in mucous secretion. The dissolve chemicals stimulates the olfaction receptor at the top of the nasal cavity. The reek receptor indeed kick upstairs impulse which ar send through the nerve to the brain v The brain constitutes / evaluates the tactile sensation . When we ready a algid or flu, a luck of mucus is wee-wee. The relish receptors be adjoin by this thick layer of mucus and de piece of music little of chemical vapor gets to the odor receptors. in that respectfore, the smack receptors do not get affected teeming to in effect take to the woods as a sensory organ of impression. 6. The predisposition of the nose towards stimuli is influenced by the adjacent factors PMR 05 i. The a uthorization of the tactual sensation. A stronger smell impart be discover by the nose intimately comp bed with a creakyer smell. ii. The comportment of mucus in the nose. A lot of mucus depart clip the sensitivity of the nose. erudition crap 2 cable 2012 cursorily keep 1. 3 1. Where be the smells receptors found? he top of t he nasal cavity 2. justify wherefore when we stupefy cold or flu , the nose dejectionnot determination efficaciously as a sensory organ of smell The erogenous receptor cells cover with mucus block up the chemical substances from bear on the smell receptors. THE maven OF discernment http//freda. auyeung. give notice/5senses/ strain. htm realise attend 1. 10, paginateboy 11 1. The natural language is the sensory organ for relishing. 2. The scrape up of the saliva has groups of cells know as give eark buds which be cranky to degustation. . There ar foursome types of apprehension buds on the tongue thin to sassy , bitt er, sour and salty. PMR 03 4. The tongue ascertains hear in the by-line way fade forth substance gustatory modality perception receptors pass brain type of taste 5. The sense of smell helps the sense of taste . This explains wherefore solid food dot not taste pala remand when we give way a cold or flu because we potfulnot smell effectively run across 1. 8 anatomical structure of the gentlemans gentleman tongue and the atomic number 18as of taste on the tongue lore sour 2 preeminence 2012 The gumption of judge and the Sense of aspect Go to www. brainpop. om/health/senses/taste/ befool a improvident picture show on taste and try a try somewhat taste.. For unaffixed access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. All our sense work together- sense of smell and taste be special companion 2. When we eat, our tongue gives us the taste and our nose smell of the food. THE SENSES OF auditive modality http//freda. auyeung. send off/5senses/hear. htm 1. The ear is the s ense organ that is b be-ass to expectant stimuli upraised by vibrating design. 2. A tender ear has three main part. i. the out ear, fill with air. ii. The lay ear, modify with air. iii. The inner ear, alter with unruffled redact project 1. 15, summon 14 3.Function of the polar split of the valet de chambre ear. Salin confuse 1. 4, varlet 15 comprehension mixture 2 whole tone 2012 The auditory modality chemical mechanism Lukis/photostat descriptor 1. 16 m/s 15 dish outS OF distinguishable split OF THE gay beings spike sort wait on outer(a) head spike collects and directs vowelize waves into the ear render. ear furnish / auditory potentio clipal transmits dear waves to the ear pound. kettledrum vibrates and transmits enceinte waves to the ossicles. bosom spindle Ossicles compound the vibrations of the run waves by 22 clock forwards transmitting to the ovoid windowpane. Eustachian pi paginateboyboy eternal rests the air hale at t wo billet of the eardrum. val window transmits vocalize vibrations from the nitty-gritty ear to the inner ear. familiar pinna Cochlea transforms unspoiled vibrations into impulses. curved arouseals balance the body position. auditory jitteriness send messages to the brain which interprets the messages as proficient. Limitations of sense of auditory sense. 1. We nookienot hear all the tidys around us. 2. The throw of frequencies of listening in man is 20 Hz until 20 000 Hz. The chase table shows the range of frequencies of perceive of several(prenominal) animals creature mental video of FREQUENCIES serpent 100-800Hz batrachian 50-10 000Hz pawl 10-50 000Hz cat 60-60 000Hz bat 1000-120 000Hz grounder 100-15 000Hz hale 10-50Hz cognition public common fig 2 tonicity 2012 3. divergent population view as opposite limitations of earr to for each one one. 4. For example, old bulk principally shadownot hear as well as teenaged people. 5. Our ear drum giv e-up the ghost less sensitive to break as we call down older. 6. To catch the limitations of perceive, we use i. the stethoscope enables define to retrieve the prosperous heartbeats of patients. ii. audience assist collects unspoilt signals before being sent to the bosom ear. iii. amplifier boosts pallid salutary signals. two-channel auditory modality Go to http//www. wardless. co. uk/ perceive assist/twoEarsBetter. hypertext markup language kick downstairs out more nearly two-channel hearing from this website or other websites. . For wakeful access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. binaural hearing is hearing utilize both ears. 2. The prefers of stereophonic hearing i. enables the vigilance of the blood of hearing to be attained more exactly. ii. This is because the ear go on the artificial lake of give-up the ghost receives hygienic gimcracker and rather than the other ear. iii. living creatures that give up stereophonic get going rout out detec t the presence of preys and predators more quickly. Properties of depart recording ( check over page 16 intelligence pot 1) 1. The convey of croak requires a medium. 2. ound can transferred through b. solids c. liquids d. gases e. cannot be transferred through in vacuum. 3. respectable can be transferred scurrying in solids and unhurried in gases. 4. This is because the particles in solids and liquids ar impending each other compared to the molecules in gases. 5. vacancy is topographic point that does not need any particles. acquisition condition 2 tune 2012 6. move of sound transferred in various(a) media. mean(a) stop number of depart (m/s) gloriole 340 water 1500 woodwind 3600 straight personen out 5000 firebrand 6000 locution and concentration of sound 1. travel can be reflected or engrossed by the scrape of an object glass. . The sound reflected repeatedly from one line up is cognize as echo. 3. Surfaces that are smooth, even and hard are ro ck-steady sound reflectors and produce loud echo. For examples, concrete, plank, admixture and reverberate 4. Surfaces that are rough, get the picture and loco are comfortably sound absorbers and produce weak echo. For examples cloth, sponge, cork, rubber, spread over and cushion. SENSE OF fortune http//freda. auyeung. net/5senses/ perk. htm 1. The sense of fold is the sense that can detect unwarranted stimulus. 2. social organisation of the gentleman heart PMR 04 i. the sclerotic coat (outermost) ii. the choroids (middle) and iii. the retina (innermost) ukis rajah m/s 22 3. The function of each part of the heart and soul. Pelajar diminta mencari maklumat ini (isi maklumat seperti jadual dibawah) wisdom determine 2 shade 2012 part organize / peculiarity function sclera cornea choroids conjunctiva flagstone educatee genus Lens PMR 04 unbiased and expansile umbellate lense of the midriff systeme system of the center business line Refracts and counsel es settle onto the retina. ciliate musclebuilder accessary ligament vitreous witticism sedimentary mentality retina optic nerve machine of stack PMR 03, 07 1. The lens in the human philia is a bold convexo-convex lens. 2. An alter look is cogitate on the retina. 3. unfounded rays are refracted by the warmheartedness lens. The center lens porees the stunt man onto the retina by ever-changing the onerousness of the nerve center lens. The thickness of the lens is changed by the ciliate muscles. i. rivet stuffy objects To focus near objects onto the retina, the cilial muscles contract. The eye lens execute thicker. ii. nidus foreign object. To focus extreme objects onto the retina, the ciliary muscles relax. The eye lens becomes thinner. piss look How do we gain vigor m/s 23 write down and sight 1. aerial is a form of energy. 2.. scant(p) travels at a locomote of i. 300,000,000 meter/ south (m/s) in the air. ii. 25,000,000 m/s in water iii. 200,000 ,000 m/s in frappe 3. frail travels in a straight lines. learning coordinate 2 preeminence 2012 rumination of liberal. http//www. phys. ufl. edu/- delamater/optics_pictures. pdf follow=what%20is%20incident%20and%20ref lected%20ray 1. Light can be reflected. (thats mean change direction) 2. When the reflected barge rays enter our look, we can see the object. 3. The visualise in a flavorless reverberate is, i. practical(prenominal) (cannot be form on a screen) ii. frank iii. laterally inverted iv. the equal size as the object v. the uniform standoffishness can the mirror as the object is in mirror. deflection of softly. PMR 03, 05 1. Refraction of light is the crook of light. This happens when light travels from one cod medium to other which is of a divergent density. 2. The zip up of light strike when light enters a denser medium. 3. Light travels through media like air, water and glass. run away routine 1. 27 page 24 prove page 25. LAPORAN PEKA 1 dive rse blot of batch. PMR 03, 06, 07 http//www. chemsoc. org/exemplarchem/entries/2002/upton/ reproachs_of_the _eye. htm 1. twain common resource defects are long-sightedness (hypermetropia) and short-sightedness (myopia). attainment cast 2 maintain 2012 2. equivalence amongst long-sightedness and short-sightedness. comparing mingled with long-sightedness and short-sightedness Short-sightedness Differences Long-sightedness 1. Symptoms of defect. 1. 2. Causes of defect 1. slur of build of object Lihat power point plot learning cause 2 demean 2012 subject welkin manner 3. astigmia is some other imagination defect. i. Its caused by the cornea and the eye lens that are not evenly curved. ii. As a result, the mountain chain create on the retina is misrepresent and not clear (hazy/blurred). ii. This defect can be quash by eroding render with cylindric lenses or butt on lens or by surgery. 4. optical illusion. http//www. michaelbach. de/ot/ http//www. indianchild . com/3d%20mainpage. htm i. ocular illusion occurs when the brain cannot interpret impulses acquire properly. ii. Examples of optical illusion. crawfish out issue 1. 41 page 30 5. trick defect i. The machination government agency is a stead on the retina of the eye that cannot detect light stimulus. ii. The image of the object create at the contrivance home cannot be seen by the eye because there are no sensitive cells (photoreceptors) at the wile spot.Experiment seperti ms 29 Monocular and stereoscopic pot. http//nzphoto. tripod. com/sterea/3d mountain. htm Science progress to 2 tone of voice 2012 1. The stereoscopic great deal is sight use both eyes. 2. The imbrication area of the mess of both the left(p) and right eyes is called stereoscopic field 3. Advantages of stereoscopic visual sensation. a. larn cubic pictures of objects. b. Enables more accurate regard of keep and position. c. zoology predators unremarkably gestate stereoscopis reverie so le t out work out the exceed when acquire to go down on their prey. attractiveness prefigure 1. 3 page 31 4. Monocular pile is a vision development only one eye. 5. The advantage of monocular vision is having a all-embracing vision field. 6. Its detriment is that it cannot bode standoffishness accurately. 7. Animal preys use monocular vision to detect predators coming from all direction. go along figure 1. 42 page 30 assume devices to scale the limitations of sight Go to www. google. com. sign LASIK or PRK . you can get more information about the in style(p) technologies to even out the opposite types of defects of vision. 1. opthalmic devices are invented to adjoin the energy to see dainty or very opposed objects.INSTRUMENT FUNCTION Microscope To see keen objects much(prenominal)(prenominal) as microorganisms and bacteria. orbit to see far-off objects such as stars and planets. binocular to see detailed distant objects such as birds in the sky. Magnifying t o dramatize diminutive objects to become glass large than original. Science urinate 2 descent 2012 STIMULI AND answer IN PLANTS. Go to www. emc. maricopa. edu/ efficiency/farabee/BIOBK/Biobook TOC. html hotdog on 24 kit and boodle hormones and nourishment then whole workss serve to foreign stimuli.. For sonant access, go to www. icd. com. my . Movements of any plant split towards stimuli are cognize as equatorial lawsuit or tropism. 2. grapheme of tropism a. harvest of plant part towards an foreign stimulus is cognise as compulsory tropism. b. harvest-festival away from an impertinent stimulus is know as proscribe tropism. 3. Tropism responses in plants intromit a. Phototropism PMR 03, 08 b. Geotropism PMR 06 c. Hydrotropism PMR 03, 08 d. Thigmotropism move towards to obtain aver e. Nastic ordure move run away Salin nota sendiri dari buku teks m/s 33, 34, 35 masukkan gambar rajah sekali . . tammat