A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Rapunzel Essay -- Hay Rapunzel Essa

A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Rapunzel The familiar baloney of Rapunzel, as told by the brothers Jacob Ludwig Carl and Wilhelm Carl Grimm, takes on new meaning with a psychoanalytic interpretation. It is a k nonty tale about desire, achievement, and loss. The trio of husband, wife, and witch function as the ego, id, and superego respectively to govern behavior regarding a beautiful object of desire, especially when a prince discovers this object. The story begins in a rural house where a man and woman live without children, near a walled garden tended by a frightening witch. The starting line line of the story tells us that they yearn for a child. It is clear that there exists in this house an almost tangible feeling of desire to produce offspring. The Freudian concept of the libido or the life force explains this desire as a product of the unconscious id(Guerin 129). To show further the prevalence of the id in this house, which in itself is a symbol of the human mind, the wife covets a vegetable, rampion, which she sees in the neighboring garden from her tiny window to the outside. I shall die unless I can have few of that rampion to eat.(Grimm 514) The wife comes to represent this selfish element of the mind, and this is her primary function in the story. When she speaks, both times she is only asking for something that she wants. She has no name, as she does not function as a full character. Her husband must take on the division of mediator to weigh her selfish desires against laws and morals that condemn stealing. This role represents the ego, which regulates the selfish id and the strict moral superego to reach a decision (Guerin 130). He decides that his wifes urgent need for the rampion outweighs the moral ... ...from the ground. These roots may very swell be radishes, or rampion, which is his wifes namesake. In the end, the witchs social control balances out the desire of the prince for a wife. The man and woman, ego and id, living in a small house, the mind, raft with the witch, the superego, who is outside of the house and represents laws and rules. They produce a child who becomes a commodity, and the rest of the story tells of the struggle between superego and id to settle the ownership of this prize. Works Cited Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl and Wilhelm Carl. Rapunzel. Stories. Ed. Eric S. Rabkin. New York HarperCollins College Publishers, 1995. 514-517. Guerin, Wilfred L., Earle Labor, lee side Morgan, Jeanne C. Reesman, and John R. Willingham. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York Oxford University Press, 1999. 125-156.

Quest for The Dream in Black Girl Lost and Makes Me Wanna Holler :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Quest for The vision in saturnine Girl Lost and Makes Me Wanna Holler Donald Goines Black Girl Lost (1973) and Nathan McCalls Makes Me Wanna Holler (1994) are two works written by male authors who turn out starting signal hand knowledge about the African American experience. A difference between the two works is that McCalls floor is an autobiography of his life growing up in the streets/ghetto and Goines is a fictional story about growing up in the streets/ghetto, but from a young black female perspective. Although Goines Black Girl Lost is not an autobiography, he and McCall serving similar struggles and hardships in their backgrounds that give them the motivation to write about the black experience. Both authors have been praised for the realism in their writing (Lamb 1997,OCAAL 1997). Goines has been specifically recognized by critic Greg Goode, for his ghetto realism w/o glamorization (OCAAL 1997). Black Girl Lost (Goines 1973) and Makes Me Wanna Holler (McCall 1994), both give a voice to the African American minority. The African American and minority themes The Dream and Choice / Self Determination are very significant in the two texts. The right choices have to be made and one must continue to have self- determination in order to reach The Dream. In the two texts, both characters make mound of good and bad choices and continuously try to have self- determination in order to achieve The Dream, but their choices and determination led the characters to very disparate places. There are three variables that may not cause, but can contribute to the African American not being able to achieve The Dream by causing conflict in their choices and self- determination. The three variables are family and friend environments, individual needs and anxieties, and low motivation among minority members. Some of the variables are causes and consequences of injury & discrimination (Marger 1997). The environment that people are surrounded by can have an enormous effect on their actions or circumstances that they are in. Therefore, the first variable to compare and contrast in the two texts is the Family and Friends Environment. In Black Girl Lost (1973), Goines has his main character, Sandra, being the only child of a individual parent home were her mother is constantly drinking, entertaining different men, partying and never taking the responsibility for herself or her daughter. They hardly ever eat or have any money.

In Favor of Drug Legalization :: Illegal Drugs Narcotics

The legalization of drugs has been an enormous issue in politics for an extremely long time. Many people believe that the legalization of drugs leave behinding allow the government to gain more control and therefore reducing crime on the streets. Another issue in this matter is that the government will be able to profit money off the drugs and be able to control prices and what age you will have to be to be able to pervert the drug. On the issue of less crime, with the government controlling drugs there will be fewer drug dealers on the streets, as there is no consume for them. The ban on underage people using drugs will lessen the crimes by minors and by students in our schools. With the government regulating the drug, they can pronto control how much is sold and how much is appropriate for consumption by the buyer. In addition, the government could profit off the legalization of drugs. If the government were to legalize drugs, so they could choose the prices of the drugs and h ow much or if they want to place a tax on them. With the government doing this, people would be deporting higher prices than what they currently pay from a dealer. This would, in turn, reduce the demand for the drug due to the high prices. The money that the government makes off the taxing and the pricing of the drugs could go to health finagle or to another good cause that support the citizens.However, it seems we will never see the legalization of drugs. Many people go out and do things unspoiled because the authoritative figures say you shouldnt do them. In other words, certain people merely break the law not to experience the drug, but to be a rebel. The legalization of drugs would most likely cause the use of drugs to decline.

The Tragic Pride of Anowa Essay -- Character Analysis, Anowa, Kofi Ako

The tragic pride of AnowaIn life there is place in between adolescents and adulthood where many finiss that are do will ultimately direct the path of life. There are times when a decisions is made it leads to a great life and other times it leads to a destructive path just not for one person but affects everyone around them. In the story of Anowa the main character Anowa is in the place where every decisions she makes leads to a turning point in her life that sets the trap for a great demise. Anowas pride leads to her decease and causes those around her great pain.First, Anowa being a strange charr who lowers to get married and when she finally does decide to get married the man whom she picks is not fitting of her mothers expectations this is the rift that starts the fall of Anowa. In the Global Crossroads World Literature Badua tells Anowa that Marriage is like a piece of cloth and like cloth its beauty passes with wear and lose it (Iglesias, Mays, and Pierce103). The cloth signifies strength and beauty of a marriage but without the proper consideration and care it will not last. Badua tries to tell her daughter that what may run across good today later on may not be so pleasant and may very well rip apart in time but because Anowas pride she replies to her mother I like mine and it is none of your business. I do not care, Mother. Have I not told you that this is to be my marriage and not yours?(Iglesias, Mays, and Pierce103). Anowas determination to follow through with her decision seems to be just like many young ladies today who refuse to adhere to the voice of their mother and although the decision they make may be wrong they would rather be stubborn than to admit that the truth of their m... ...ave children, but the alone time he was the reason they could not have children. Instead of leaving well enough alone she says, Now I know. So that is it. My husband is woman now and she giggles (Iglesias, Mays, and Pierce155). Anowa pridefu l attitude has lead to the death of her husband, herself and the sorrow of her mother and father. She not barely killed his manhood but caused him to commit suicide.In conclusion, every decision Anowa made lead to her tragic demise and pride was the ruler of every decision she made. The life of Anowa showed how pride is selfish, stubborn, and disrespect. Anowa could not see how her attitude determined her altitude. Had she come upon how to be temperate and showed concern for others she would have not cause herself and other s sorrow and death. Anowa life teaches a valuable lesson that pride will only lead to a destructive path.

The Lake :: essays research papers

The LakeIt was early July and my friend Chad and I decided to join his family at the lake. Chads family was already up at the lake, and had some extra populate in the condo. So we figured, what the hell, we could go for some boating. Right. The lake the only about a two-hour drive away. We were driving in Chads fathers convertible sports car, so the drive was quite pleasant. We drove through twisting canyons and long straight roads going just slightly over the speed limit. We arrived at our endpoint at record-breaking time, which didnt seem to make his parents too happy. Along with Chads family, which consists of four brothers and one sister, were some neighbor friends of theirs and their five-year-old son Nick. The rest of the day was spent miniature golfing and playing catch with Chads little brothers. On the following morning we went with Chads parents to rent the boat. We got the boat and loaded it up with the gear. We broke the family into groups so each one could have their own time on the boat. Our group was the one that wanted to ski, wake board, ride on the tube, and cook each other off the tube. The other group consisted of people that either didnt want to ski or were too young. All the younger kids were in this group. Our group was the first to have the boat. We spent hours and hours out on the lake and had an awesome time, even though I got one of the worst sunburns in my life. We returned with the boat so the other group could take their turn. As the second group left on the boat we decided to just go lounge in the go pool. After about a half-hour, Chads mom came running in and said they had an accident with the boat and that little Nick was knocked unconscious. We ran from the pool to see what but happened. Chads sister told us that another boat was traveling way too fast in the no-wake zone while not paying aid and struck the front of our boat. When the boats collided it took everyone a few minutes to notice that Nick was lying face down o n the floor of the boat. Panic arose when his mother spy him lying there motionless. It turned out the other boat actually hit this little boy in the head when

Free Essay - Evil in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Evil in the Scarlet Letter   One belief that people live by is that evil is the nature of mankind, yet there argon others that feel man has good intentions but those intentions can be overrun by the devil. Nathaniel Hawthorne points out that the former is true of all people in the fresh The Scarlet Letter.   In this novel, there are three main characters who commit evil and sinful acts, but each act is at a dissimilar degree of sinfulness (i.e. the sins get worse as the story goes a-long). These three sinners, in the eyes of the Puritan community, are the beautiful Hester Prynne, the esteemed Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and the cold-hearted doctor, Roger Chillingworth. alike Hawthorne, I believe that evil is the nature of man but that there are different magnitudes of evil whatever choose to fight it, like Hester, and some choose to give in, like Chillingworth. Hester Prynne, a strong willed and brave woman, in respect to the two additional people, has committed the lea st amount of sin in the novel. In the eyes of the Puritan community, though, she has committed one of the worst possible sins that can be imagined adultery. They feel she is horrendously corrupt, yet it is not truly her fault.   Hester is the victim of her husband, Roger Chillingworths (formerly Roger Prynne) senselessness by sending her to New England by herself, while he remained in Europe. Chillingworth even admitted that it was his fault when he voiced, It was my folly I have said it. But, up to that epoch of my life, I have lived in vain.(Ch.4, p. 68) Hester is also a victim of fate. She has no way of knowing if Chillingworth is dead or alive when the Indians capture him later he arrived in North America. She still goes against the strict Puritan rules, and breaks Commandment 7, which was often punished by death. Arthur Dimmesdale is a strong pillar of the community and a very devoted Puritan.    What could he do that is worse than young Hester Prynnes appalling a ct of adultery? Well he goes a little further into the said(prenominal) sin. First of all, he commits adultery with the abandoned Hester. Then instead of admitting his sin to the public, he keeps his dark secret in his heart, knowing it will eat at him for the rest of his life until he reveals it.

Free Essay - Evil in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Evil in the Scarlet Letter   One belief that people live by is that darkness is the nature of mankind, hitherto there are others that feel man has good intentions but those intentions can be overrun by the devil. Nathaniel Hawthorne points out that the former is admittedly of all people in the novel The Scarlet Letter.   In this novel, there are three main characters who commit evil and sinful acts, but individually act is at a different degree of sinfulness (i.e. the sins get worse as the story goes a-long). These three sinners, in the eyes of the Puritan community, are the beautiful Hester Prynne, the esteemed Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and the cold-hearted doctor, Roger Chillingworth. Like Hawthorne, I believe that evil is the nature of man but that there are different magnitudes of evil near choose to fight it, like Hester, and some choose to give in, like Chillingworth. Hester Prynne, a strong willed and brave woman, in respect to the two additional people, has pull the least amount of sin in the novel. In the eyes of the Puritan community, though, she has committed one of the worst possible sins that can be imagined adultery. They feel she is horrendously corrupt, yet it is not truly her fault.   Hester is the victim of her husband, Roger Chillingworths (formerly Roger Prynne) stupidity by sending her to New England by herself, while he remained in Europe. Chillingworth even admitted that it was his fault when he voiced, It was my hydrophobia I have said it. But, up to that epoch of my life, I have lived in vain.(Ch.4, p. 68) Hester is also a victim of fate. She has no way of knowing if Chillingworth is assassinated or alive when the Indians capture him after he arrived in North America. She still goes against the strict Puritan rules, and breaks Commandment 7, which was often punished by death. Arthur Dimmesdale is a strong pillar of the community and a very devoted Puritan.    What could he do that is worse than young Hes ter Prynnes appalling act of adultery? Well he goes a little further into the same sin. First of all, he commits adultery with the abandoned Hester. Then instead of admitting his sin to the public, he keeps his dark secret in his heart, knowing it will eat at him for the rest of his life until he reveals it.

M2 – Discuss Two Major Theories of Ageing in Relation to the Development of Your Chosen Individual.

pic BTEC Extended National Diploma in Health & Social wish well (Social Care) Unit 4 Development through the Life Stages Assignment Title Lecturer Rebecca Drozd Room Email You will also need to Word refined your work Include your name, pin & page numbers in a footer Use Harvard Referencing System in your work including a reference rock Provide evidence of wider research by using various sources, e. g. websites, journals, text books. 1. 5 line space Use 12pt font size (Arial or odd Sans) Please bring this Assignment Brief with you to every lesson.Launch date First Submission date Second submission date You are an investigative newsperson on a celebrity magazine. You have been asked to discover all that you can about the ontogeny of a famous person of your choice. Task One suffer a position file which clearly describes the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of the life stages of an individual to embroil relevant pictures, graphs and charts (P1) Grading pointedness Your fact file needs to include information on the following Life stages conception pregnancy birth and infancy 0-3 days childhood 4-9 years adolescence 10-18 years adulthood 19 -65 years older adulthood 65+ the final stages of life Definitions growth development developmental norms developmental milestones life course aging life expectancy Development holistic development physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social at each life stage potential causes and effects of delayed and arrested development Expand your fact file to include a discussion on the nature-nurture debate in relation to the development of your individual (M1) Add a write evaluation on how nature and nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of two stages of the development of your chosen individual (D1) Grading Tip Use the following key words Nature-nurture debate key principles biological programming the effects of experiences versus heredity maturation theory Task Two Your editor program at the magazine has now asked you to research the life factors and life events that have influenced the development of this celebrity. Develop your fact file further, and explain the potential effects of pentad different life factors on the development of the individual (P2) Grading Tip Use the following key words Life factors genetic, eg predisposition to particular conditions, cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, asthma, brittle bone disease, rheumatic disease biological, eg foetal alcohol syndrome, maternal infections, effects of diet in pregnancy environmental, eg exposure to pollution, damp/ overcrowded housing, accession to recreational facilities, access to health and social charge services, bullying, family dysfunction, effects of culture, religion and beliefs, effects of discrimination socioeconomic, eg income, expenditure, education, values and attitudes, peer groups, emp loyment status lifestyle, eg nutrition and dietary choices, alcohol intake, use and misuse of substances Add a written statement that clearly explains the influences of two predictable and two unpredictable major life events on the development of your chosen individual (P3) Grading Tip Your fact file needs to include relevant pictures, graphs and charts. Use the following key words major(ip) life events differences in effect of predictable and unpredictable events eg the birth of a sibling, leaving home, leaving care, leaving prison, serious injury, illness, starting school/ nursery, beginning and ever-changing employment, redundancy, bereavement, marriage, parenthood, divorce the interrelationship between factors. Launch dateFirst Submission date Second submission date Task Three Vocational mount Your editor is very impressed with your work and has asked you to imagine that your chosen individual is now growing older. will they still travel as much? Will they still l ike to be photographed? What kind of health and social care services will they require? Your fact file will need to include an explanation of the physical and psychological changes which may be part of the ripening process.This will require research to find the relevant information as your chosen individual may not be at this stage. Expand your fact file to explain the two theories of maturation (P4) Discuss two major theories of ageing in relation to the development of your chosen individual. (M2) Include an evaluation on the influence of two major theories of ageing on health and social care provision. (D2) For your chosen individual, explain the effects of physical and psychological changes which may be associated with ageing (P5) and discuss the effects on self-esteem and self-confidence of the physical changes associated with ageing how those changes could affect their self-esteem and confidence. (M3) Grading Tip Use the following key words Physical changes hormones menopause cardiovascular system, eg atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease respiratory system, eg emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease nervous system eg motor-neurone disease, degeneration of the sense organs, degeneration of the nervous tissue, cognitive changes, muscular skeletal, eg rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, effects of degenerative disease, muscle wasting due to poor absorption of nutrients skin, eg loss of elasticity, effects of exposure to ultra violet rays, effects of smoking the effects of illnesses that are more than common in ageing Psychological changes effects on confidence effects on self-esteem effects on ageism effects of, eg mathematical function changes, loss of partner, retirement, increased leisure time, financial concerns, culture, religion, beliefs theories of ageing, eg social disengagement, activity theory application to current health and social care provision

Foucault: History of Sexuality/ A Reading

According to Foucault, king from the 18th century began to be operationd in two dimensions. The archetypical one was skeletonulated by the disciplinary techniques and methods of bio-power, the power everyplace manners which change magnituded the capacities of the adult male body, and at the same time enhanced its economic utility. The morsel dimension focuses around the exercise of bio-power everywhere the body and its vitality.Foucault focuses on dealings of power and knowledge plainly his immediate object of compend was rideualityuality because it concerns with both, the dealings of power of the individual as well as the society. Sex was supposed to be located at the centre of the two axes of the discipline of political engineering science of animateness. Sexuality in Foucaults work thus achieved an authoritative kernel of addressing the question of arrangement of the subject. The issue of cozyity emerges at several points in Foucaults works but it is only app roached in a limited and sustained manner in History and Sexuality.The essays constitute the central theme of the history of energiseual conduct and behaviour, and the psychoanalysis of philosophical and religious ideas on winduality so as to r for each one an understanding of the embodimentation and the development of the see of genderuality in modernistic societies. He keeps shifting from keeping a historical focus to more analytical concerns in his work on knowledgeableity. The Introduction of the essay provides an analysis of sex as an historical theory rather than as the most basic innate gracious fraction.Foucault compargons and analyses sex and sexuality in relations to power and knowledge and extends the acquire further to dissect the modes of what he calls the objectification through which human beings are made into subjects. In the beginning, the historical focus moves from the post-enlightenment period of the 18th and nineteenth century events to a period enc ompassing the centuries immediately before and after the death of Christ right up to the pith ages, further onto an analysis of Greek and Christian texts.In the following volumes relations of power, through which individuals form and change themselves through the techniques of the self are focused upon. Foucault begins by analyzing the popular Victorian concept of sexual experience that sex was used as a means of repression and as a symbol of power. He questions the general belief of repressive hypothesis to reach an understanding of the relations in the midst of power and sex. As an effect to that he formulated a set of questions like, why has sexuality been so widely discussed? , what are the combines between these discussions and the pleasures and power effects that were caused by them?Etc. This hypothesis describes the history of horse opera societies after the 17th century as a period in which a series of prohibitions laid down on the individuals and their physical behaviou r. By the coming of the Victorian age, sexuality was confined and controlled to home and marriage, except for the licensed access to sex in markets and brothels. This prohibition of sexuality is seen by Foucault as having some similarity to the general repression due to capitalism and its class related problems. Foucault argues that a nonher sexual tendancy is as well evident in the increase of discourses concerned with sex.There emerged a political, economic and technical incitement to talk about sex. From this point onwards, sex became an object of formation, wariness and the government. He argues that a proof that sex was implicitly present as an object of inquiry was the governments focus on population. Population became an object of government and administration with the realization that it had its own limitations. The governments became more aware and concerned of the economic, moral, health and political problems of their populations.This in turn lead to a study and a minu te analysis of various(a) influences on population like birthrate, legitimacy of births, age of marriage, frequency of sexual relations, fertility etc. Therefore as on one hand, sex became confined to home and the licensed married couple, on the other hand, it also became a governmental matter between the put in and the individual. Sex became a normal issue open to discourses, analysis and a matter of gaining knowledge in. This resulted in the emergence of the 18th and 19th century discourses on sexuality through the handle of medicine, psychiatry, criminology and social work.Foucault comments that the past three centuries reveal a vast accumulation of endless discourses on sex and sexuality. We can thus say that modern occidental societies were distinct not for their repression and censor of sex, but rather for their simultaneous subjection of sexuality to never ending discussions and their curiosity for exploring of the secrets of aliveness and birth. We may then close up t hat all different legal, medical and moral discussions had in the end, cultivated a reproduction of labour capacity and the preservation of the prevailing form of social relations.Foucault argues that if the increase in these discussions was governed by the intention of eliminating fruitless pleasures, then they had failed as the 19th century saw a bifurcation of sexualities into many perversions. Foucault suggests that power did not prohibit or eradicate extra-conjugal, non-monogamous sexualities, on the contrary they were multiplied. The form of power to which sex was subjected did not set boundaries for sexuality. It extended the various forms of sexuality, pursuing them according to lines of uncertain analysis.It did not bar sexuality, but rather included it in the body as a mode of specification of individuals. It did not seek to avoid it but attracted its varieties by means of complex gyre like structures in which pleasure and power reinforced one another. Thus the manifold s exualities, sexualities of different ages and those fixated on particular tastes, all organise equations of power. Perverse forms of sexuality are then seen as the effects or the products of the exercise of a type of power over bodies. This extension of power over bodies, conduct and sex, does not produce repression, but an incitement of unorthodox and perverse sexualities.Thus Foucaults argument that we need to abandon the hypothesis of increased sexual repression associated with the development of modern industrial societies. Power in its exercise has not taken the form of impartiality, it has been positive and productive rather than negative, and has encounterd an increase of pleasures and a multiplication of sexual perversions. In the 19th century, sexuality was constituted in scientific terms. Within western societies, there developed a scientia sexualis, whose objective was to produce real and sound discourses on sex, the truth on sex to be precise.At its centre was a tech nique of confession, whose history may be traced back through the middle ages in western Europe to the first centuries of Christianity. From the Christian penance to the psychiatrists couch, sex has been the central theme of confession. Foucault argued that with the rise of protestant religion, anti-reformation and the 19th century medicine, confession disruption beyond its traditional Christian usage and entered a diverse range of social relationships, an effect of which was the constitution of archives of the truth of sex inscribed deep down medical and psychiatric discourses.Within modern societies this intersection of confession with scientific investigation constructed the domain of sexuality as problematic and thus needing interpretation and therapy. In short the object of investigation became to uncover the truth of sex, to reveal its secret and thus to gain knowledge of individuals and their behaviours. As a result of this, sex became not only an object of knowledge, but t he focus of our being, our truth.Although the concept of power is central to both the analysis of penal incarceration and the preliminary work on sexuality, in no sense does Foucaults work constitute, or even attempt a formulation of a theory of power. At the most what is presented is the critique of the prevailing formation of the exercise of power which lies at the foundation of both sexual repression and alternative hypothesis in which desire is conceived to be constituted in the form of law like rules. Such a conception of power has structured the analytical field of inquiry in terms of problems of right and violence, freedom and will and the state of sovereignty.According to Foucaults view power is relational. It is not born from a particular site or location. It is a concept which refers to an open, organized, hierarchical group of relations which are both unstable and local and the analysis of sex proceeds by analyzing the complex relations between the discussions on sex and on the multiplicity of power relations associated with them. There emerged four strategic unities associated with the production of the discourses on sexualities in the 19th century. These constituted of the specific mechanisms of knowledge and power, centred on sex and the four sexual subjects.The strategic unities were a hysterization of womens bodies, a pedagogization of childrens sex, a socialization of procreative behaviour and a psychological analysis of perverse pleasures. And the subjects were hysterical women, a masturbating child, a Malthusian couple and a perverse adult respectively. According to Foucault, these four unities do not encounter mechanisms for controlling or regulating pre-existing forms of sexualities, rather they represent the relations of power and knowledge articulated in medical, pedagogical, psychiatric and economic discourses.In Foucaults view, from 19th century onwards the Deployment of Alliance, a strategy of rules and practices defining the permit ted and the forbid relations between sexual partners, has been paralleled by the development of sexuality operating through techniques of power rather than a system of rules. Whereas the former is concerned with the link between partners, the latter, the deployment of sexuality manifests a different connection to the economy through the cultivation of the body, a body that produces and consumes.The family piecemeal became a transmission of the strategies of sexualisation that emerged in the 19th century. Foucaults theory is that in the first instance, it was in the bourgeois or the aristocratic family that the sexuality was given a status of a medical problem. The psychological convergence of sex thus began with the bourgeoisie with a sexualisation of the idle and the nervous woman with the self-abusing child. The objective was to constitute a body and a sexual identity for the bourgeoisie to ensure the vigour and longevity of the classes that ruled rather than a repression of the class that was exploited.This new distribution of pleasures had as its initial purpose the self affirmation of the bourgeoisie by a specifically political ordering of life in which a technology of sex was fundamental. Just as the aristocracy constructed a sense of itself, its special(prenominal) qualities and its difference from other social classes in terms of concept , so did the bourgeoisie, through a conception of a sound body and a vigorous sexuality articulated in biological and medical discourses, sought to affirm its present and future specificity.Turning to the lower orders, the working classes, Foucault argues that just as the Christian technology of the flesh had exercised a little influence over their rude sensuality, so for a good while they remained untouched by deployment of sexuality. But gradually from the 18th century however, a series of developments like the identification of problems of birth control and the development of juridical and medical measures to pro tect society from perverse forms of sexuality, precipitated a diffusion of mechanisms of sexualisation throughout the society.This effected in the working class being subject to the deployment of sexuality. However the sexuality of the working class was in no track synonymous to the bourgeoisie, there is no sense in which Foucaults analysis brings us to this interpretation. The practice of sexuality in modern western society is not conceived by Foucault to be either collective or united. On the contrary, the forms taken and instruments employed are conceived to have varied in relation to the social class.The domain of sexuality in Foucaults works is presented as one of the most important concrete arrangements through which power has been exercised over life in modern western societies. It is the fall upon element in the emergence and development of the measures of supervision which have constituted the foundation of forms of public provision and welfare. The exercise of a pastoral or affectionateness power over life in general and in particular is presented as a fundamental or defining characteristic of modern societies and as a necessary precondition for the distribution of capitalist economic relations throughout social life.It is because of this articulation of the phenomenon of human existence that the general social meaning of the deployment of sexuality is initially focused on by Foucault. The specificity of modern western societies is associated with a particular historical transformation or shift of the emphasis from exercise of absolute power by or in the name of the sovereign, literally to take life, to the emergence and development of governmental technologies of power directed towards an administration of the processes of life in order to increase their economic utility.The two basic forms in which power began to be exercised over life from the 17th century are * An anatomo-politics of the human body, * A bio-politics of the population. The firs t form according to Foucault concerns the exercise of power over the life of the body and is exemplified by the disciplines and techniques directed towards the increase of bodily forces and capacities. The second form in which power has been exercised over life is that of the management and regulation of the population, the body as a species and its mortality and fertility issues.The emergence of the technology of bio-power constituted an important event and signified a shift away from unstable, dramatic and ceremonial exercises of sovereign power towards an investment of the processes of life by an economic and efficient form of power. The emergence of bio-power designated the moment at which the phenomena of human existence were submitted to the calculation and order of knowledge and power.At the intersection of the two axes along which the exercise of power over life developed, namely the disciplines of body and the regulation of populations, lies the political issue of sex. Sex achieved importance as a political issue because it offered access to both life of the body and the life of the species so that we comprehend the pursuit in dreams, behaviour and beyond the truth of sexuality. Foucault deals with various modes of explaining the relations of power and knowledge through which human beings are made subjects.Foucault not only rejected the belief that sexuality is predicated on a biological given sex, but argued that the autonomy given to sex was an effect of the deployment of sexuality. Foucault argued that the category of sex established through the deployment of sexuality in the course of the 19th century performed a number of functions. It offered a principle of brotherhood through which anatomical elements, biological functions, conducts, sensations and pleasures could be presented as the underlying cause of behavioural manifestations, as a secret to be discussed and interpreted.Through such propinquity to biology and physiology, the knowledge of s exuality gained a semi-scientific status and contributed to the development of a process of normalization of human sexuality to the determination of normal sex and its various pathological corollaries. The idea of sex as the latent, secret force repressed within us allowed power to be conceptualized solely as law and verboten and thereby hiding the positive relation of power with sexuality. The corollary of this position is of course that it led to the equation of human liberation with the discovery and expression of the secret of sex and sexuality.The final section of the idea of sex outlined by Foucault focuses on the process by which human beings become subjects. It is through the idea of sex that each individual has to pass in order to have access to his own intelligibility, to the whole of his body and to his identity. Thus Foucaults position is that the exercising of power over life has advanced through the deployment of sexuality and its construction of sex as the secret of existence to be discovered and articulated, as a force to be emancipate and realized, and be synonymous to our very being.This arises from the fact that in his view sex-drive cannot be free of power. It is an effect of the deployment of sexuality and of the exercise of technologies of power over life. Sex is not the underlying reality beneath the illusory appearance of sexuality, on the contrary, sexuality is a typical historical formation from which the notion of sex emerged as an element central to the operation of bio-power. In western civilization there has been a tendency to associate the theme of sexual austerity with various social or religious taboos and prohibitions.Foucault argues that in fact it seems to have been quite different. To begin with, moral considerations of sexual condition were subject to a fundamental gender dissymmetry. The moral system was produced by and addressed purely to free men, to the exclusion, to the exclusion of women, children and slaves. A sec ond significant feature of the moral system is that it did not form fundamental prohibitions or taboos in relation to forms of sexual austerity, rather it intended to present or propose modes of conduct appropriate and relevant for men in view of their right, power, potency and freedom.Foucault states that in the texts of Greek or Gaeco-Roman antiquity, the emphasis as far as moral considerations are concerned tends to be placed on practices of the self, rather than on codes and conducts in terms of the permitted and the prohibited. I have tried to make a thorough reading of Michael Foucaults essay the History of Sexuality and found that it effectively establishes that the roots of our modern sexual ethics go back to Antiquity.Although the emergence of Christianity did not introduce a novel code of sexual behaviour, it did transform peoples relationship to their own sexual activity. Although the essays address themselves explicitly to the question of the so called problematization of sexual activity, they also are important for their implications for an understanding of the art of government which developed in modern western societies.

Deviance, Labeling Theory, Secondary Labeling and their Effects On Society

Deviance evict be defined as anything that flouts social norms and values. As an example we can take the Ten Commandments, that other than being a religious document is also a set of regulations to assist in creating a comfortable social climate for all(prenominal) mess in a social environment. Simple laws much(prenominal) as not to steal, commit adultery, murder or abuse, are set in order to move over sure that all involved are protected from possible harm. When wiz individual decides to break these regulations the balance is out of kilter.In this essay we will define and let off the terms deviance, secondary deviance and labeling theory and attempt to ascertain their importance and effects within a social stratum. Deviance is, as mentioned above, a certain disregard for the norms and values specifi titley designed to protect the public. Deviance is often seen in terms of juvenile delinquents who by means of deliberate or agonistic action break the laws that protect the pu blic or community. Deviance takes its form in a number of ways that are socially relevant such as drug abuse, rape, murder, theft and armed robbery.The father of labeling theory, Howard Becker believed, however, that sufficient rehabilitation of said criminals leads to another set of problems altogether. Being a criminal becomes a someones headmaster status. It controls the way they are identified in public. Others do not consider their other statuses that of spouse, parent, or worker only that they are first and foremost a criminal. In this instance, as Becker believes the identity of the person becomes that of a criminal flyingly after they are found guilty and have a criminal record.The person therefore undergoes an identity change and a moral crisis. The c at a timept of self becomes divided by the Me and I being shifted from an integrated whole, to two very antithetical people. One person is the inherent good and one is the public bad, yet they are the same person. If on e looks at crimes such as confederacy violence, one sees a specific stigma, one of fear by the public and another of status by those involved. The need to belong becomes greater than the need to be right. Those that grow up without an effective social purpose (ie.Those that do not have parents or grow up in inefficient parental guidance) anticipate for meaning elsewhere. Those that are not seen as acceptable by their general environment will almost certainly find acceptance in a gang or crime syndicate. This is because it grants them some degree of importance and power. These individuals derive power out of others fear. In terms of other abuses of status, rape is a curiously devastating form of deviance where debate surrounding public labelling can be touchy to say the least.A crime of this nature, regardless of the age of the perpetrator is one that is on the increase today. Theoretically, justice should seek to curb violent and deviant conduct, but as Becker believes, it often undermines the rehabilitation process because once the individual has been label as a criminal they tend to be seen as such years after the punishment has been served and inhibits their ability to earn a decent, respectable income once they have left prison. It makes sense that when a convicted criminal applies for a job after they have served their sentence, the label of criminal is already recorded.Naturally, the prospective employer is dubious as to whether to employ them or not. In relationships too, it becomes onerous for a spouse, friend or family member to trust the person again, leaving the convict alone and jobless. There is an immediate loss of self esteem, social concept, self-concept and value to confederation. Becker and his fellow symbolic interactionists believe that this is a self-fulfilling prophecy which is nearly impossible to break. More importantly, is the consequence of this labelling.As an example, we could use 11 September 2001, otherwise known worldwide a s Ground Zero, to illustrate a social problem such as labelling is responsible for. After the opposite number Towers bombing, it became known that the perpetrators were Muslim fundamentalists and possible al-Qaida insurgents. Once this became known, Muslim mean were searched at airports and appeared to be discriminated against by general public. This is neither partys fault in the end, as fear is a defence mechanism that the public drew up in order to protect themselves from further threat.Also apparent though, is that not all Muslims are potential mass murders or are genocidal. The same becomes apparent on another macro-level with the Germans and Adlof Hitler. That not every German is a Nazi whitethorn momentarily have escape some families of victims. The real problem, however with labelling of deviants, is that since they are unable to regain social status and unable acquire employment, they are squeeze back into deviant behaviour. This is termed secondary deviance. The self-ful filling prophecy as mentioned before becomes apparent.With no job or social support, theft seems to be the first port of call in order to survive. In order to do this, the person may be forced to join another gang and the snowball starts to roll. It is extremely difficult to re-integrate a criminal with a record back into society, so where does the answer lie. If it were possible to change the attitudes of the general public, it could be the difference between an integrated society and a dysfunctional one. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that the individual will choose to keep their name clear after they are released.In conclusion it can be seen that deviance, secondary deviance and labelling are all integral parts of societal functioning, but dont necessarily yield any resultant role to the growing trend of deviant behaviour among juvenile delinquents. The process remains as follows due to some fate of upbringing the person in initiated into a deviant form of behaviour they a re labelled delinquents, criminals and rehabilitants they are unable to change their status due to criminal record, so they revert to deviant behaviour in order to survive. It would seem that the only appropriate solution or cure for this deviant culture, lies in the upbringing.

Book review of a business book Essay

That is he tries to bring forth the beleaguered and tricky person. Moreover he is not in favour of the lady towards the time of her distracted conditions. Marthas life, as opened up by Byron, is an embodiment of perfection and that was embedded in the routine impart of the party, Martha Inc. In short, the author personifies Martha as a shrewd railway line shot in the beginning, yet as a shattered woman, towards the end of the article. Thus in that respect inculcates a mixture of positive as well as negative approaches to Marha Inc.The author portrays Martha as a conjurer in the sense that she can be seen doing so many things enthusiastically as well as pleasurably. According to him, this lady was rarely interested in anything, moreover her caller activities. Martha Stewarts unchanging triumph is due to her flair and aptitude and also due to the confidence in herself. The endeavor of this dedicated worker through out her life was to shake off people understand the devices for formulating a good way of living. Even when she was on the summit of her glory, she was not ready for respite.She tried to instill in the minds of people virtually the prospects of business. She has created cryptic guidelines of converting the hardships into sequins thereby erecting a magnificent domain. Marthas company is presented as a unique one in the sense that it is easily getatable to the lay men as well. Moreover, she considered herself as a transmitter of ideas, besides being a formulator. This may be the reason for the team spirit of the members of her projects who go along with her in all her activities.Although Byron has great appreciation for Martha, he has foresightedly mentioned in his book that this great business woman was the victim of utmost bad bunch that too at a time when she was at her best. However she is regarded as a gorgeous know-how industrialist, even among the people who jeer at her. In contriving business techniques, Martha was a tornado who was fl otsam and jetsam in speaking, yet rough in going to any extent to reach destiny. Marthas ex generous shows that she had given more flexibility and freedom to her group to implement plans of each of them.Stewart keeps apart her time mainly for gathering her crew for discussing plans for the further improving of the business. The group is provided with opportunities for initiating their ideas, if any. At the same time, Martha is prepared to dive into matters if they need the touch of an authoritarian hand. The achievement of Stewarts venture may be due to the fact that she had given ample freedom to team members to be the part and parcel of what they were working with. But later this openness itself acted as a decisive feature in the breach of the Martha Inc.She had a craving for commanding everything, that too in an amicable manner. Martha had to confront with many problems in the later period of her business life. But unlikely, in the center of the boisterous escalation of topic al years, she declined to keep an eye on each and every element. Even at the crucial time when her business was under threat of collapse, she was in a mood to instill inspiration in her customers and thereby obtained their confidence. The thespian rise of Martha Inc.at the early stages can be attributed to the single personality of Martha Stewart. Martha Inc. had many foes in the business field. But before the magnanimous personality of its contriver, they were all dwarfs. The lady had her centre of activities not only in the business field but in other activities like literary, telecasting and also in domestic activities. For this she had given the members of her organization ample latitude to trance up and implement their avouch thoughts. She had the optimism when she advocated that she had permeated Martha Inc.with a fabulous quantity of her resilience and arty beliefs (Brady, 2000). Later Martha undergoes trial for securities scam and also faces impediment for righteousness. T he after effect of this was adverse for business associates who scarper various projects of Martha Inc. The value of the shares of company had fallen, those who had business dealings with Martha Inc. set ways apart and there was also considerable decrease in the income from her publications. The demand for her television shows became sluggish. The company, Martha Inc.s deterioration may be regarded as an exceptional instance in which the roomy perilous aspects stood as an obstacle on the path of the companys future development. Because she was convicted, the shareholders of her company met with a loss and the whole thing affected the reputation of the firm. In the inevitable circumstance when the company showed inefficiency, Martha could remain as a scrupulous conniver. Studies show that, in spite of the brave foot steps she had taken to flourish her business domain, she was an interloper to the business world.Stewart doomed to be the butt of the system she zealously resorted to. T he same social systems that hitherto acknowledged her ways began to look at her as if she were a downtrodden. For the triumph of any company the stability of those who work for it is very much required. Here Martha Stewarts capabilities, labor, individuality and leadership has worked as the decisive factors in bringing the staff together. The crew realised that there get out be the undesirable outcome on the trade, in case there is any unconstructive market or industry acuity or if the full fledged activities of Martha dwindle.The companys progress can be attributed not to one factor. It had the strong hold up of the brands and their worth. Besides, it owes to the leader for her virtuous reputation and civic icon in her. Martha Inc . had kept top precedence on those who work for it and reassured frankness, equal opportunity and accountability and thus in all exploited their skills. A healthy competition leads to healthy spirit for the improvement of any company. Whenever there appears a tuff competitor in front, one will be in a hurry to grab fresh situations (Gross, 2003).Recruiters must take a special wager in the firms success before anticipating treading up the salver.Reference Brady, D. January 17, 2000. Martha Inc. Inside the growing empire of Americas lifestyle queen. Available http//www. businessweek. com/2000/00_03/b3664001. htm. Accessed on October 1, 2008. Byron, C. 2003. Martha Inc. The Incredible Story of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. capital of the United Kingdom Frank Cass (UK). Gross, D. June 5, 2003. Martha the Oracle Available www. slate. com/id/2084026/ -. Accessed on October 1, 2008.

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government Essay

Every nation, ever since the dawn of civilization, has of all time had some design of governance. It is of necessity rather than need, as a nation with start iodin depart always result to anarchy. Today, two of the most popular and well-known forms of government are the presidential form of government and the parliamentary form of government. Each form of government has its own pros and cons, and the debate of whether one is better than the other has long been a subject of discussion. The main difference between the two forms of government is how the extent governmental powers are distri moreovered and/or separated between branches of the government, and whether one branch has or does not have power over another. In the presidential form of government, political and administrative powers are distinctly divided between the decision maker director director branch (the President), the legislative branch (i.e., the congress/senate), and the judiciary branch.The powers vested in th e executive branch is usually balanced against those given to the legislature. Laws and bills are made by the legislature and it is the executive branch which enacts it. The President has the power to veto the bill, preventing its execution, but the legislature may override the Presidents veto, provided they can gather enough votes to do so (Parliamentary versus Presidential governments). This serves as a tablet and balance for both branches, ensuring that one does not overpower the other. In the parliamentary form of government, however, there is a fusion of power between the legislative and executive branch. This is mostly due to the fact that the head of government, the Prime Minister, is voted into position by the legislature, which is often mostly composed of the ruling party or coalition. Hence, almost always, the constituents of the executive and the legislature branches are the same (Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations). The terms of office for both heads of the government also varies. In the presidential system of government, the President serves a specific, defined term. In the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister stays in power for as long as he or she has the support of the majority of the legislation. Political parties also hold less of an impact on the presidential system than on then parliamentary system since the President can chill out be voted in office regardless of whether his or her political party is a minority or not. In parliamentary system, its almost always the ruling party which holds dominance over the outcome of the election of head of government. Given the choice, from the points stated, I would rather be a citizen of a country rule by a parliamentary government, like the United Kingdom. There is more cohesion and unity given the fact that the legislative and the executive powers come from one ruling, common party. This would mean that bills are passed much quicker. Also, ethnicity, race, and ideology won t be much of a conflicting factor, especially for a very various(a) country, since power is equally divided amongst the legislators, and not just focused on one (e.g. the President). Lastly, a study conducted by the World Bank has found out that a parliamentary system is associated with lower corruption (Lederman, Loayza, & Soares, par. 1).Works CitedGoverning Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations. UNDP Governance Political systems and their impact on Governing Relations. 2006. 18 December 2007. Lederman, Daniel and typical Loayza and Rodrigo R. Soares. Accountability and Corruption Political Institutions Matter. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2708. 2001. 18 December 2007. Parliamentary Versus Presidential Governments. eSSORTMENT. 2002. 18 December 2007.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 1

I picked come out a meter, a single life, in the lift distance.The other noises of the city faded into the background as this one called to me. She had wandered away from her friends and left the well-worn paths.The sun had just set over Central Park, where Id exiled myself since arriving in New York City fourteen long twenty-four hour periods ago. The colors in this expanse of irrationalerness were softening, sliding toward one another, shadows blurring with the things that made them. The oranges and deep blues of the thumb morphed into an inky black, succession the muddy ground dimmed to a velvety sienna.Around me, most of the world was so far, paused in the breath that comes at the end of day when the guards change Humans and their daylight companions lock their doors and creatures of the night uniform myself come out to hunt.With the ring Katherine gave me I can walk in the daylight like any normal, living human. But as its been since the beginning of time, its easier fo r lamias to hunt during the uncertain hours when day slowly becomes night. Dusk confuses those who arent equipped with the eyes and ears of a nocturnal predator.The heartbeat I now pursued began to sound quieter . . . its owner was getting away. Desperate, I took off, forcing my body to move quickly, my feet to push off from the ground. I was weak from lack of feeding, and it was affect my ability to hunt. Added to that, these woods werent familiar to me. The plants and vines were as alien as the people on the cobbled streets a quarter mile away.But a hunter transplanted is still a hunter. I leaped over a twiggy, stunted bush and avoided an icy stream, devoid of the lazy catfish I used to watch as a child, until my foot slipped on mossy stone and I crashed through the underbrush, my chase growing far louder than I think.The bearer of the heart I followed heard and knew her finale was close. Now that she was alone and aware of her plight, she began to run in earnest.What a specta cle I must have made dark hair askew, skin as lookout as a corpse, eyes starting to redden as the vampire in me came out. Running and leaping through the woods like a wild man, dressed in the finery Lexi, my friend in New Orleans, had given me, the white silk shirt now torn at the sleeves.She picked up whet. But I wasnt deviation to lose her.My need for assembly line became an ache so strong that I couldnt contain myself any longer. A sweet pain bloomed along my jaw and my fangs came out. The blood in my face grew hot as I underwent the change. My senses expanded as my Power took over, sapping my last bit of vampiric strength.I leaped, moving at a speed beyond human and animal. With that instinct all living creatures have, the poor thing felt death closing in and began to panic, scrambling for safety under the trees. Her heart pounded out of control thump thump thump thump thump thump.The tiny human part of me might have regretted what I was about to do, but the vampire in me ne eded the blood.With a final jump, I caught my prey a large, greedy squirrel whod left her pack to scavenge for extra food. Time slowed as I descended, ripped her neck aside, and sank my teeth into her flesh, draining her life into me one drop at a time.Id eaten squirrels as a human, which lessened my guilt marginally. Back home in Mystic Falls, my brother and I would hunt in the tangled woods that surrounded our estate. Though squirrels were poor eating for most of the year, they were fat and tasted like bonkers in the fall. Squirrel blood, however, was no such feast it was rank and unpleasant. It was nourishment, nothing more and barely that. I forced myself to keep drinking. It was a tease, a reminder of the shake liquid that runs in a humans veins.But from the moment Damon ended Callies life, I had sworn off humans forever. I would neer kill, never feed from, and never love another human. I could only bring them pain and death, even if I didnt mean to. Thats what life as a v ampire meant. Thats what life with this new, unforgiving Damon as my brother meant.An owl hooted in the elm that towered over my head. A chipmunk skittered past my feet. My shoulders slumped as I laid the poor squirrel down on the ground. So little blood remained in its body that the wound didnt leak, the animals legs already growing stiff with rigor mortis. I wiped the traces of blood and fur from my face and headed deeper into the park, alone with my thoughts while a city of nearly a million people buzzed around me.Since Id sneaked off the train two weeks earlier, Id been sleeping in the middle of the park in what was essentially a cave. Id taken to marking a concrete slab with the passing of each day. Otherwise moments blended together, meaningless, and empty. Next to the cave was a fenced-in area where winding men had gathered the useful remains of a village they had razed to make Central Park, as well as the architectural bric-a-brac they intended to install carved fountains , baseless statues, lintels, thresholds, and even gravestones.I pushed past a barren branch Novembers chill had robbed nearly every tree of its leaves and sniffed the air. It would rain soon. I knew that both from living in plantation country and from the monster senses that constantly gave me a thousand different pieces of information about the world around me.And because the breeze changed direction, and brought with it the teasing, cloying scent of rust. There it was again. A painful, metallic tang.The smell of blood. Human blood.I stepped into the clearing, my breath coming rapidly. The thick stench of iron was everywhere, picking the hollow with an almost palpable fog. I scanned the area.There was the cave where I spent my tortured nights, tossing and turning and waiting for dawn. Just outside it was a patchwork quilt of beams and doors stolen from knocked-down houses and desecrated graves. Farther in the distance there were the glowing white statues and fountains installe d around the park.And then I saw it. At the base of a statue of a regal prince was the body of a young woman, her white ball gown slowly turning a bloody red.

Launch behaviourism Essay

Ivan P.Pavlov was the first initiator of demeanourism as he formed the basis and groundwork of behaviourism. Pavlov was a Russian scientist who was particularly interested in knowledgeable reflexes which led him to his disreputable experiment of cads and their salivary glands. In Pavlovs experiment he found that a dogs behaviour can be conditioned. Firstly when the dog was given food it would salivate, past the next time the dog received food a bell would be rung. This continued until the dog would salivate by the mere sound of a bell. This experiment provided the basis for Pavlovs idea that behaviour and responses could be conditioned (Tennant, 1997)John B. Watson drew from Pavlovs ideas and was the man to launch behaviourism. Watson was a psychologist from the United States. His infamous experiment was on a human baby code named Albert B. When Albert was exposed to a rat he showed no sign of fear only when then a loud banging when there was a presence of a rat, which made Alb ert cry. Therefore every time Albert saw a rat he would associate it with his past experience and immediately cry whether there was a banging or not (Tennant, 1997)B.F skinner was a major contributor to the school of behaviourism and believed that behaviour is maintained and produced by its consequences. skinner believed that rewards and positive reinforcers have a greater affect on behaviour. He demonstrated this through his far-famed Skinner Box where animals were placed inside a box and were given an option of levers which they could press, one gave them food, the different an electric shock or similar. The animals soon learned which lever not to press and this demonstrated Skinners theory of learned behaviour (Van Iersal and others, 2005)Behaviourism is not the stimulation in psychological attainment as it once was. Psychologists and much of the public prefer more cognitive explanations of human behaviour. Thus the practical application of behaviour analysis is sedate act ive and successful in fields such as fry development, education and drug abuse but is not reliable, as technology and scientific advances have turn out otherwise to the denial of internal processes. Behaviourism is very much about shelter when it comes to the nature vs. nurture debate as it focuses on external stimuli affecting behaviour. Where behaviourism applied behaviour can be controlled, as action and external operations are controllable. Behaviourism can only excuse a small part of human behaviour but it can no fully describe it. (Kazdin, 2000). To explain human behaviour an updated perspective is needed and not one convention is 100% right. The best cost is to take a little from each (McIerney 1998).Behaviourism was extremely influential in the early twentieth century as it was the most up to date information available. Since scientific advances in brain chemical science and thought processes behaviourism has become outdated. Pavlov, Watson and Skinner had major impacts on not only behaviourism but also to psychology. Their techniques can still be applied today. Although behaviourism can explain a arcsecond about behaviour it is far too narrow as it does not encompass or share mental working of a human and brain functions which is a very important role in behaviour. Even though it is outdated behaviourism is still an interesting convention of psychology and can still be useful in explaining behaviour and treating behaviour problems.BibliographyThe Behavioural Approach Class HandoutBehaviourism, Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) Online cyclopaedia 2005

A Different History by Sujata Bhatt Notes Essay

The poet explores the relationship between cultural identity and delivery. When you speak a language you also chance on its culture. Lines 19 and 20 sum up the theme. Which language has non been the oppressors tongue? When another country is the conquerer, that country brings its language and culture to those who are conquered.SUMMARYA disparate History is in deuce linked parts lines 1-18, then lines 19-29. The first stanza draws the link between Hesperian and Indian culture as Pan, the Greek beau ideal also exists through Indian gods and goddesses that veer freely. She points come to the fore the dissentence as well in the way Indians treat books with much respect, in order not to disturb or offend Sarasvati or the tree from which the paper comes. Stanza 2 returns to the idea of a contrasted language all languages, it says, bring on erstwhile been the language of an invader or an oppressor, moreover despite this on that point always comes a time when younger and newer generations not only speak the oppressors language but they actually come to love life it. TONE (Tone means the attitude of the poet)At first the tone is overcritical of the culture of the west (e.g. the way the west does not show respect for books). Later the tone is accepting. She says that once people have assimilated the new culture, the later generations love the language and culture.STRUCTUREThe poem is divided into two stanzas with each dealing with a different idea on language and culture. The visual arrangement of lines differ in the two stanzas. In stanza 1, the different indented lines give a wavy appearance to suggest mayhap the idea of gods roaming freely and to match the humour in the stanza.The second stanza has all the lines indented similarly as the write conveys the serious message that all languages are imposed by the oppressor.RHYTHMThe rhythm matches the content. The enjambment (run-on lines) in stanza 1 gives a light-hearted, tripping rhythm. In stanza 2, th e rhythm is insistent as the poet uses rhetorical questions and the mood turns serious. imagingPOINT Stanza 1 begins by comparing the Greek and Indian gods. Next the poem focuses on the venerating attitude towards books in India.QUOTE EFFECTGreat Pan is not deadhe precisely emigrated To India Meaning- Pan the Greek god of nature also exists in India. The effect is that cross-cultural links happen. Here, the gods roam freely Disguised as snakes or monkeys The poet refers to Indian gods in the form of snakes or monkeys. And it is a sinto be rude to a book(repeated 4 times) By repeating it is a sin the effect is of persuasion and emphasis. repeat in a pattern of three or more is a persuasive device. She uses strong spoken communication shove, slam, toss to stress that ill-treating books is sinful to the Indians because they have a reverence for knowledge. You must learn how to turn the pages gentlywithout disturbing Sarasvati, without offending the treefrom whose wood the paper w as madeThe word without is repeated for emphasis. In India, books are handled carefully gently to show respect for Sarasvati, the Hindu goddess of Knowledge, and for the trees where the gods are. *Pan- In Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, mountains, hunting Sarasvati the Hindu goddess of Knowledge presides over the arts and is frequently worshipped in libraries.POINT Stanza 2 the poet states that every while every language has come from the conquering nations and is at first resisted, it is later embraced by the future generations.QUOTE EFFECTWhich language has not been the oppressors tongue? This rhetorical question ( a question that does not need an answer because the answer isobvious) contains the main idea of the poem all languages have once been the language of an invader or an oppressor. Which language Truly meant to murder someone? The repetition which language is another rhetorical question which does not need an answer as it is obvious that language does not intentionally kill people. that after the torture, after the soul has been croppedwith a long mow swooping out of the conquerors face- The poet now explains that it is the soul or the culture that is destroyed by the conqueror.The metaphor of the long scythe swooping out is an image of the brutal destruction of the culture of the oppressed and replacing it with the culture of the conqueror. the unborn grandchildrengrow to love that strange language The poet concedes that ironically over many generations, the oppressed people come round to oration the conquerors language and what is more to embracing its culture. She points out the irony of history.

Analysis of “The Shield of Achilles” Essay

The Shield of Achilles is a poem of nine stanzas where the author W.H.Auden has used an sequence from the famous Homeric epic Iliad, as the name suggests. Achilles as we know was the greatest hero of the Trojan War and his screen as mentioned here has its reference in the book eighteen of the Iliad. There Thetis, the sea goddess and Achilles mother requests Hephaestus the divine blacksmith to make a shield for Achilles whose harness has been taken away by the Trojan hero Hector when he killed Patroclus to whom Achilles had lent it. Auden here has narrated the episode of the Iliad where this shield is in the making. Interestingly unlike the epical shield which was decorated by Hephaestus with stars and constellation, two charming towns full of people, scene of cultivation, a vineyard laden with grapes, herd of cattle, dancing girls and boys, the shield in dubiousness presents a scene of lifelessness, destruction and decadence of a moribund society of people.The poem starts with an unnamed womanhood and a man whom we later identify as Thetis and Hephaestus. She is looking over his get up to watch the shield which is being made there. Contrary to her expectations she finds the shield being decorated with barbed wire enclosures and bored officials, wear thin sentries, detached and dispassionate men folk, a weed-choked-field and a frustrated young boy who knows nothing more or less love being always exposed to murder and rape. In the poem whenever Thetis peers over the blacksmiths shoulder hoping to see somewhat beautiful decoration of natural beauty being embossed on the shield, some morbid spectacle is sure to greet her eyes. Fin each(prenominal)y when Hephaestus leaves after finishing the shield, Thetis is distraught to find a fearsome picture which makes Achilles doom all the more evident.The poet has used a method of flashback to emphasize the deplorable checker of the modern human society. Whenever Thetis looks over his shoulder Auden gives us a gli mpse of the beauty of the past by mentioning what she expects to see and what gruesome sights unfold before her. The poem shows a contrast between the ancient creative activity of real heroes and the modern world of debasement. The poet W. H. Auden thus uses the shield of Achilles as a subject but all the beautiful descriptions of Homer have been replaced to show the poets disgust with blankness andshallowness of the modern society.

Hickory Dickory Dock by Agatha Christie Essay

Hickory Dickory Dock is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first print in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on October 31, 19551 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and fraternity in November of the same year under the title of Hickory Dickory Death23. The UK edition retailed at ten shillings and tanner (10/6)1 and the US edition at $3.003. It features her Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. The fresh is notable for featuring Poirots efficient secretary, little girl Felicity Lemon, who had previously only appeared in the Poirot short stories.Plot introductionAn outbreak of apparent kleptomania at a learner hostel is not normally the sort of crime that arouses Hercule Poirots interest. But when he sees the bizarre list of stolen and vandalized items including a stethoscope, some lightbulbs, some old flannel trousers, a box of chocolates, a slashed rucksack, some boracic pulverize and a diamond ring later found in a bowl of a soup he congratulates the warden, Mrs Hubbard, on a unique and beautiful conundrum. It is nevertheless not long before the crime of theft is the least of Poirots concerns.Explanation of the novels titleThe title is taken, as are other of Christies titles, from a nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. This is nevertheless one of her most tenuous links to the original nursery rhyme, consisting of little more(prenominal) than the name of a road.Plot summaryPoirots solution of the petty thefts is unsubtle but impelling once he has threatened to call in the guard, Celia Austin quickly confesses to the pettier amongst the incidents. She denies specifically stealing Nigel Chapmans green ink and using it to deface Elizabeth Johnstons work taking the stethoscope, the light bulbs and boracic powder and cutting up and concealing a rucksack. Celia appears to prepare committed the lesser thefts in order to pull out the management of Colin McNabb, a psychology student who at first regards her as an interesting case study, and whence almost immediately becomes engaged to her. Celia makes restitution for the crimes and is seemingly reconciled with her victims, but when she is spy the following aurora dead from an overdose of morphia it does not take the investigators long to see through attempts to make her remnant seem like suicide. Several of the original incidents have not been solved by Celias confession.examiner Sharpe quickly solves the mystery of the stolen stethoscope during his interviews with the inhabitants of the hostel. Nigel Chapman admits to having stolen the stethoscope in order to pose as a doctor and steal the morphine tartrate from the hospital dispensary as part of a bet to acquire three deadly poisons. He claims that these poisons were consequently carefully disposed of, but cannot be sure that the morphine was not stolen from him while it was in his possession. Poirot turns his attention to the reappearance of the diamond ring, and confronts Valerie Hobhouse, in whose soup the ring was found. It seems that the diamond had been replaced with a zircon and, given the position that it was difficult for anyone but Valerie to have put the ring into the soup, Poirot accuses her of having stolen the diamond.She admits to having done so, saying that she needed the money to impart off gambling debts. She also admits to having planted in Celias mind the entire idea of the thefts. Mrs. Nicoletis has been behaving precise nervously, as if she were losing her nerve. One night someone gets her drunk and kills her. Poirot focuses his attention now on the cutting up of the rucksack. By comparing an example of the rucksack type destroyed with others, he identifies an unusual corrugated base, and suggests to the police that the rucksack may have been part of a clever international import operation. The rucksacks were sold to aboveboard students, and then exchanged as a means of transporting drugs and gems. Mrs. Nicoletis had been bankrolling the organisation, but was not the b rain behind it. When the police visited Hickory lane on an unconnected issue, the liquidator had cut up the rucksack to avoid its be found and removed light bulbs to avoid being recognised. Patricia Lane comes to Nigel and admits that, in an effort to keep a dangerous poison safe, she has taken the morphine from the bottle in his drawer and substituted for it hydrogen carbonate of soda. Now, however, the bottle of hydrogen carbonate of soda has been taken from her own drawer.While they are searching for this bottle Patricia mentions that she is intending to write to his father in order to reconcile the two. Nigel tells her that the reason for his estrangement from his father is that he discovered that his father had poisoned his father. This is why he changed his name and carries two passports. Nigel comes to Inspector Sharpe and tells him about the missing morphine, but while he is there, Patricia telephones to say that she has discovered something further. By the time that Nig el and Sharpe get to the house, Patricia has been killed by a blow to the head. Mr. Akibombo comes to Sharpe and says that he had taken Patricias bicarbonate to ease a stomach complaint when he took a teaspoonful of the bicarbonate, however, he had stomach variant and later discovered that the white powder was in fact the boracic powder.By the time Patricia had substituted the bicarbonate, the morphine had already been substituted by the stolen boracic powder. Poirot, whose suspicions about Valerie Hobhouses role in the smuggling operation have been proved correct by a police raid on her beauty shop, now closes the case. The murderer has been the most obvious person, Nigel Chapman, who was known to have the morphine in his possession. He killed Celia because she knew about his dual individuality and also knew that Valerie travelled abroad on a false passport. He killed Mrs. Nicoletis because she was sure to give the smuggling operation away under pressure, and killed Patricia beca use she was likely to draw to his fathers attention the recent events.When Poirot outlines to Nigels fathers solicitor the case against Nigel, the solicitor is able to provide final proof. Nigels mother had been poisoned, not by his father, but by Nigel himself. When the father discovered this he forced him to write a confession and left it with his solicitor together with a letter explaining that it should be produced were there any evidence of further wrongdoing by his son. Valerie confirms Poirots solution further. She has placed the call to the police station, apparently from Patricia, later on Nigel had already killed her. The green ink was a double-bluff intended to divert suspicion away from him. Valerie is willing to impeach Nigel fully because Mrs. Nicoletis was actually her mother.Characters in Hickory Dickory Dock Hercule Poirot, the Belgian detective Inspector Sharpe, the investigating officer Miss Felicity Lemon, Poirots secretary Mrs. Christina Nicoletis, the owner of the student hostel at Hickory alley Mrs Hubbard, Miss Lemons sister and the warden of Hickory street George, Poirots valet Celia Austin, chemist in the dispensary at St. Catherines Hospital Colin McNabb, a psychology student Nigel Chapman, a History student, a house physician at Hickory highway Valerie Hobhouse, a resident at Hickory Road and partner in a beauty shop Sally Finch, a student resident at Hickory Road Elizabeth Johnston, a student resident at Hickory Road Patricia Lane, a student resident at Hickory Road Genevieve, a student resident at Hickory Road Leonard Bateson, a student resident at Hickory Road Mr. Chandra Lal, a student resident at Hickory Road Mr. Akibombo, a student resident at Hickory Road Maria, the cook at Hickory Road Geronimo, Marias husband

Nebobites Ethical Dilemma Essay

This case involves a sm t prohibited ensemble human race traded company named Nebobites, which manufactures dog treats. jenny O. , CPA, is the pertly Assistant Controller for the Nebobites company, and her job is to review and audit the fiscal statements for the 2012 year. While reviewing the financial statements, Jenny noniced the companys Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance seemed significantly higher than in the past. This sum up in the Allowance account was due to the Bad Debt Expense estimation cosmos based off 3% of net credit sales instead of the prior eld estimate of 1. %. The increase in Bad Debts expense as a firmness of purpose of the increase in estimate materi each(prenominal)y affected the 2012 earnings. However, 2012 had been a great year for earnings, so the additional expense did not disturb the earnings growth trend Nebobites had experienced in the past. However, upon further research, Jenny could find no justification for the increase in the Bad Deb t Expense estimate from 1. 5% of net credit sales to 3%. Jenny decides to approach her boss, the Controller, Maxwell Devious.He tells Jenny he is aw ar of the implement cognize as income smoothing. Maxwell Devious says showing a steady growth in earnings was ingrained to keep the Nebobite decline price high as possible as the Smith family planned to sell-off a significant number of shares in early 2014. Jenny feels extremely uncomfortable with this practice, and she knows that this years financial statements will retain an overstated Bad Debt Expense estimate and much than likely result in an understated Bad Debt Expense estimate in 2013. 2. An ethical decision must be make by Jenny, because she is going to have to decide what is mor entirelyy right or wrong.This fake presentation of increase in earnings will potentially affect every stakeholder involved with the company including their shareholders, creditors, management, employees and the customers. This faulty practice will leave an overstated Bad Debt Expense estimate for the year and more than likely result in an understated Bad Debt Expense estimate in 2013. Jenny needs to decide whether she thinks it is more weighty to look scratchable to investors and appear to have greater wealth or is it more important to show creditors that they do not have sufficient funds to cover their debts.She also knows that Maxwell Devious, the Controller, has an employee profit sharing plan, a management bonus plan based on earnings, significant bank loans groovy and is planning on raising funds through a bond issue in 2014 all of these are affected by the earnings for the year. 3. By deciding not to alter the estimate hindquarters to the appropriate percentage of 1. 5%, it does single out individuals and the upper management group.These individuals that are Jennys superiors simply do not want her to make the adjustment because it is in their best interest (looking paying & performance bonuses) and not in the company and its stakeholders best interest as a whole. It is also a legal violation because the companys CEO and other top-level personnel should swear that all financial data for the company is relevant and accurate, and they knowingly defy unified policies and the GAAP. 4. In this particular situation, Jenny is faced with a couple options some of which are favorable, others not so much.Jenny can take on to abide by her scandalous boss, and decide to go on with the contrary change in estimate. This excerpt may blow over for the time being, merely in the long run, Jenny and the company may be audited in the future exploiting their mistakes made in the 2012 financial statements. This could cause Jenny to be outright terminated when the mistakes were finally found, as well as the possibility of jail time after an investigation and trial. Another possible route Jenny could take would be to report the inappropriate practices to an outlanders attention, such as an external audit ing firm.By doing so, she could save her job possibly for the time the company is being investigated, but may later be endd. Although she will eventually have to find a in the altogether job, this choice may save her from being in trouble with the law and potentially boost her chances of determination a new job due to her discovery at Nebobites. Another final option that I would see plausible in this situation would be to simply quit, if the Controller did not want to change the estimation and swear on the financial statements.The legal risk is too high in the case, and you do not want the downfall of Nebobites to be on your shoulders. 5. By deciding to go along with the inappropriate change in estimate, Jennys job may be safe for the time being, but in the long run, Jenny and the company may be audited in the future exploiting their mistakes made in the 2012 financial statements. This could cause Jenny to be immediately terminated when the mistakes were finally found, as well as the possibility of jail time after an investigation and trial.This is morally and legally wrong because she knowingly goes against corporate policies and the generally accepted accounting principles in order to reap the benefits. By reporting the inappropriate practices to an outdoor(a)rs attention, such as an external auditing firm, she could save her job possibly for the time the company is being investigated, but may later be fired. Although she will eventually have to find a new job, this choice may save her from being in trouble with the law and potentially boost her chances of determination a new job due to her discovery at Nebobites.By choosing this option, Jenny acts in a dignified and legal manner. She knows that she is doing what is right and is protecting stakeholders of the company. The other option of simply just resigning or quitting her attitude would not have much effect on the company. She is acting morally because she is not going along with the inappropriate p ractices of Nebobites, but she is not doing what is in the best interest for all stakeholders. The company will virtually likely find a new Assistant Controller for the operation who will go along with the unlawful scheme.This ultimately resulting in the downfall of the company, when Jenny could have prevented this and saved thousands of jobs by alerting an outside auditor. 6. By alerting an outside auditor to investigate this situation, Jenny does what is in the best interest for all stakeholders. This will eventually reveal the truth and allow shareholders to see the negative affect on stock prices, creditors can be informed on the debt situation of our company and be aware of the risk of dealings with us.Management will be disappointed with the actions of Jenny, in which they sacrificed their performance bonuses and will most likely fire her. The company will still have a chance to flourish, however, when the parsimony turns back around. By retention the inappropriate estimat e, Jenny will most likely be in the praises of her superiors for the bonuses they received but, in the perennial run, the companys financial statements will be inaccurate and liabilities to creditors will go unpaid.Shareholders will authentic lose more money and the company has the potential to go bankrupt any day if the economy does not take a sudden turn around. The top executives, as well as Jenny, should drop dead in fear of being exploited of their misinterpretations and eventually will get caught up in stark(a) legal trouble. If Jenny simply quit without seeking outside assistance from auditors, she is still acting in a somewhat immoral and illegal manner. This is because the stakeholders of the company will inevitably still be in serious trouble due to the deception of Jenny and the upper management of the Nebobites company. . I believe that it is in the best interest for Jenny to consult an outside auditing firm. Although it could potentially make her lose her job when h er superiors are notified, it enlightens all stakeholders involved with the Nebobites company. The risk is too great if Jenny decides to leave the inappropriate estimate as is she risks not only losing her job, but also risks going to jail, as well as losing her CPA liberty entirely. It is worth far more in life to be an honest and truthful person who looks out for others than it is to be a deceitful and uncaring.

GLOBALIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GLOBALIZATION - Essay ExampleIn the opinion of (Steger 22), in later part of the 20th century, the humans found economic growth as ulterior factor for progress and power so, nations standing aloof meant retrogress and backwardness to them.To have a rational analysis of economics in knowledge domain(prenominal)ization phenomenon, I have structured this essay in two main sections. First section discusses correlation between global milieu and local issues. Further, imprimatur section exhaustively deals with implications of poverty on global environment as well as on local level. In this section, argumentative approach is taken regarding what poverty literally means to global environment as well as to local one. Finally, this paper ends up with a detailedGlobalized world has a logical association with local issues because, local issues profoundly influence global environment. In this highly globalized world local problems become international and international concerns have implicat ions on local level so, there is vehement relationship between global environment and local issues. These issues include many things such as concerns relating to environmentalists, third base world countries, and critics of capitalism, business organizations and trade unions of rich countries. Further, health issues, labor rights, cultural issues and issues of national integrity also have nexus with international environment. International arena is more concerned with dealing with these problems as they pattern threat to unification of the world driven by communication, transportation and information technology.International scenario is concerned with issues of environmentalists because global world does not seem to have same environmental conditions across the globe. Further, global warming which has skilful implications for some countries, but has a sunny side for others, has seriously affected globalization process. In this connection, world

Appreciating Life as the Central Theme of the Movie Awakenings Essay

Appreciating Life as the Central Theme of the delineation Awakenings - Essay ExampleThe plot of the movie directly bring ups to the primary theme in a very literal way. In telling the story of the great unwashed whose lives have been taken away from them, in effect, via a medical illness for which there is no cure, overtly conveys the value of life. Though the patients be living and cellular respiration individuals, they are extremely constrained in terms of movement, communication, independence and common daily activities that most people engage in every day without a second thought. They must live in an institutional environment where they are under constant supervision and care and cannot enjoy any of the trappings of conventionality life such as love, activities, work, recreation and the pursuit of personal engrosss and fulfilment. As the movie focuses on the sole(a) and sedentary nature of these patients lives during the early parts of the film, the changes that occur whe n they are dosed with the new drug are made even more apparent, exciting and moving by contrast as the audience begins to wait on them leave their comatose reconciles and become active individuals who each have a unique personality. Each patient, in particular Leonard the protagonist, is so utterly appreciative and excited by this new lease of life, that it forces the audience to relate to positive aspects of their own lives in a more appreciative way. As the narrative continues and the audience slowly realises that the effects of the drug are limited and of a short duration, this delivers a dramatic impact as life is again snatched away from the patients. As we see Leonard eventually retreat back to his vegetative state and his acceptance of his fate, it re-instates the vulnerability of life and the massive importance we must place on its value enchantment we have it. The fact that Leonard tries to make the most of the rest of his time as an active individual disrespect underst anding his destiny, is extremely moving and it effectively emphasises the theme of the movie. One scene in particular, where Leonard dances with his love interest and tries to savour each moment of it as he knows it is his last, is particularly poignant. The setting of the story amidst a hospital environment also effectively serves to emphasise the movies theme. Hospitals are synonymous with death, illness and the death rate of life and this setting immediately relates to these ideas. Seeing graphic symbols taking medication, undergoing medical treatment and generally being in vulnerable and fragile states is directly indicative that life is a precious gift that should not be taken for granted. Sickness is often something that healthy people take for granted, in that, if they are not sick, they head for the hills to focus on other problems within their lives, to the detriment of not enjoying their lives as much as they should. It is unremarkably only when people are diagnosed w ith an illness that they begin to appreciate all that having a healthy tree trunk and mind means. In this medical setting, this theme is very dramatically conveyed both literally and symbolically. Through the depiction and development of characters the movie also explores its life-affirming theme. From the perspective of Leonard it is perhaps examined at its deepest level as the audience witnesses this character go from a catatonic state, to a thoroughly active

Air Canada Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

assembly line Canada Organizational Behaviour - Essay ExampleThese values serve as touchstones to channelize our actions (Mission, vision & values). This paper discusses the team system of Air Canada. Before evaluating the team system of Air Canada, it is customary to have a brief insight into the types of teams and the process of group formation. Teams be of various types that intromit but are not limited to permanent teams, temporary teams, task drives, committees, and self-managed teams (Types of Teams). These teams differ from one other depending upon the roles and responsibilities of the team members and the teams life. Permanent team, as the name indicates, is not formed for a concomitant time. It stays as such even after the task has been accomplished. On the other hand, temporary teams are formed for a certain length of time, and get dissolved after the task has been accomplished. Task rend is a kind of team that is developed as per the need of the hour. Organizations tend to form task force to accomplish special tasks. They are commonly employed to find solutions to very complicated problems. Committees are besides assigned particular tasks and they may be temporary or permanent. Members of a committee normally helping similar views, opinions and attitudes. Self-managed teams differ from other teams in that there is no leader. People decide upon matters through mutual consensus. Bruce Tuckman has proposed a five staged-model of group formation. The five stages are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning (Neil). In the stage of forming, group members unite and move with one another. In the storming stage, groups problems are set and a leader is chosen. In the norming stage, members suppress their individualistic differences and agree upon common goals. In the performing stage, group members practice crafts to achieve their common goals identified in the previous stage. In the adjourning stage, group members start departing c ausing the group to disperse. Air Canada has traditionally provided its custody with full support to achieve their best potential while working in teams. Air Canada places a lot of emphasis on providing both its customers and employees with synthetic rubber. Although there is no obvious relation between safety and teamwork, yet safety plays a fundamental role in the development of teamwork.

Drama Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

dramatic event - Research Paper ExampleThe theatrical form requires that even the audience in the last speech catch the emotion expressed by the actor without it being rendered awkward due to the element of hyperbole involved. This is the context where physical acting finish save the occasion. Also, physical do involves movement that can be weaved into the movement of the plot of the play itself to bring about a kind of doubled impact.Simon McBurney categorized adult male behavior into seven levels of tension, namely, coma, relaxed, neutral, alert, suspense, passionate and explosion so that there can be a level of standardisation on how the actor can express emotions in the form of physical actions on stage. Stanislavski on the other hand had much earlier developed the method of physical actions by which an actor supplements his/her activated acting with jibe physical actions. Both these approaches to physical acting have been lauded as systems that immensely sustain methodi cal acting yet criticized as well as constrictive to the real spirit of the marrow emotional experience involved. This has been a criticism raised against all kinds of physical theater. Yet, even the critics will hold back that relying on facial expressions and internal feelings alone will render theater motionless and boring. While Stanislavski has to a greater extent or less tried to provide just a physical actions-based loose framework corresponding to emotional states, the McBurney method prescribes specific physical actions for different emotions and thereby faces the risk of reductionism. Hence, Stanislavskys method of physical actions can be said to be imparting more freedom to an actor than McBurneys method.Method of physical actions was not merely a directive of physical training for Stanislavsky but the the psychological aspects of any physical action was also accounted for in this method (Chushkin, 1998, p.16). It was acknowledged by this theater maestro that the actor necessarily take to have an inner